A United Nations conference on global warming has opened in Argentina, with delegates looking for any hint of a change in the United States’ position on the Kyoto protocol. Russia’s ratification has created the most optimistic mood in years among environmentalists. But even with Kyoto going into effect in February – after a seven-year delay – refusals from the US and Australia to sign up will hang over the 12-day meeting. The two nations are responsible for around one third of emissions worldwide.

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